Intervenciones neuropsicológicas en funciones cognitivas: estrategias efectivas para personas con o sin necesidades diferentes

Carlos Fernando Moya López, Fanny Janeth Achina Cualchi, Sonnia Carolina Villegas Rojas, Ercilia Marlene Rivadeneira Nogales

Resumen


Las intervenciones neuropsicológicas constituyen un campo de creciente relevancia en la optimización de las funciones cognitivas, tanto en personas con como sin necesidades diferentes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica reciente (2020–2025) sobre las estrategias más efectivas aplicadas a la estimulación y rehabilitación cognitiva. Se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica narrativa sustentada en bases de datos indexadas (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scielo y Redalyc), considerando estudios experimentales, revisiones y ensayos clínicos sobre entrenamiento cognitivo, realidad virtual, mindfulness, ejercicio físico y programas integrados. Los resultados evidencian que, en personas con necesidades diferentes, los programas estructurados —como el Goal Management Training, la rehabilitación virtual y el entrenamiento de funciones ejecutivas— mejoran significativamente la memoria, la atención y la flexibilidad cognitiva. En población sin necesidades diferentes, las estrategias preventivas basadas en actividad física y estimulación metacognitiva muestran efectos positivos sobre la salud cerebral y el bienestar general. Se concluye que la neuropsicología contemporánea avanza hacia un modelo inclusivo, multimodal y tecnológico, orientado tanto a la rehabilitación como al fortalecimiento cognitivo en todos los grupos poblacionales.


Palabras clave


intervenciones neuropsicológicas; funciones cognitivas; estrategias terapéuticas.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i10.10545

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