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Perfil bacteriológico y resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones del tracto urinario en pacientes de consulta externa del Hospital General Macas. Enero 2023 a junio 2024
Resumen
La infección del tracto urinario es común y extendida a nivel mundial en entornos comunitarios y hospitalarios. El aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana en uropatógenos está limitando las opciones de tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es esencial su seguimiento y del perfil de sensibilidad y resistencia antimicrobiana. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el perfil bacteriológico y la resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones del tracto urinario en pacientes de consulta externa del Hospital General de Macas de enero 2023 a junio 2024. Se realizó una investigación de diseño observacional, de tipo transversal, analítica y retrospectiva. Se seleccionó, bajo criterios, una muestra representativa de 254 registros de pacientes con urocultivos positivos en el periodo del estudio. En los resultados del perfil bacteriológico se identificaron 9 géneros y 14 especies de uropatógenos bacterianos, con una frecuencia significativamente mayor (p<0,01) para Escherichia coli (67,7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9,8%) y Proteus mirabilis (7,9%). La sensibilidad fue variable, demostrándose en ≥ 60,0% ante gentamicina, amikacina, ceftazidima, cefuroxima y cefazolina, con altos porcentajes de resistencia contra β-lactámicos, incluyendo cepas resistentes a múltiples antibióticos. Se encontró una alta asociación (p<0,0001), entre la positividad a los uropatógenos identificados con el perfil de resistencia a β-lactámicos. En conclusión, se demuestra un perfil bacteriológico de las infecciones de tracto urinario similar a lo descrito en el mundo y el país, para uropatógenos comunitarios de infecciones urinarias no complicadas. Sin embargo, el alto porcentaje de resistencia y de cepas multirresistentes, requieren estrategias de control de transmisión y vigilancia continua de los factores implícitos.
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Referencias
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i5.9467
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Polo del Conocimiento
Revista Científico-Académica Multidisciplinaria
ISSN: 2550-682X
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