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Computación en la nube en un contexto de eficiencia energética y sostenibilidad ambiental
Resumen
La computación en la nube ha transformado profundamente la provisión de servicios tecnológicos, ofreciendo soluciones escalables, flexibles y de alta eficiencia. No obstante, su creciente adopción plantea desafíos significativos en cuanto al consumo energético y al impacto ambiental de las infraestructuras digitales. El presente análisis constituye una revisión crítica de los principales enfoques y estrategias orientadas a la eficiencia energética y la sostenibilidad ambiental en entornos de computación en la nube. A través de un análisis sistemático de literatura reciente, se abordan aspectos clave como la evolución tecnológica de la nube, los modelos de servicio y despliegue, el consumo energético en centros de datos, la eficiencia de componentes de hardware y software, y las mejores prácticas para el desarrollo sostenible de esta tecnología. Se destaca la importancia de políticas de virtualización, gestión inteligente de recursos, uso de energías renovables y métricas específicas para monitorear la eficiencia. Finalmente, se discuten oportunidades de implementación contextualizadas en países en desarrollo, donde la transición hacia una computación verde representa tanto un reto como una oportunidad para alinear innovación tecnológica con objetivos ambientales globales.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i7.9936
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