Avances e implicaciones de los efectos de vecindad de radiación ionizante (EVIR) en radioterapia: Artículo de revisión

Cristina Elizabeth Ajila-Jiménez, Vilma Nohemí Yanchapanta-Bastidas, Rosa Maricela Ormaza-Hugo, Jeoandy Anabel Fiallos-Godoy

Resumen


La perspectiva del dogma que al exponer a un paciente a irradiación se producen únicamente efectos directos, en radiobiología han cambiado dado que el detrimento biológicos radioinducidos que se producen fuera del campo de irradiación,  son los efectos de vecindad que las células circundantes  respondes a las señales emitidas por las células blanco del tratamiento. Este efecto de vecindad también denominado espectador, involucra una serie daños al ADN, inestabilidad genómica, senescencia celular, aberraciones cromosómicas, activación del estrés celular. Estas señales se transmiten mediante la comunicación celular de las uniones gap, solutos extracelulares y en estudios recientes se incluye a los exosomas que son un medio por donde se transmite las señales de espectadores a las células vecinas. Por otro lado, los parámetros que depende el efecto de vecindad son el tiempo de exposición a la radiación, la calidad o tipo de radiación, el estado genético del organismo.


Palabras clave


Efecto de vecindad; radiación; radioterapia; inestabilidad genómica.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v6i3.2463

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