Application of
the SCRUMBAN methodology in the development of a system for recording school
attendance with RFID devices in the ESPOCH
Aplicacin de la metodologa SCRUMBAN en el desarrollo de un
sistema de registro de asistencia escolar con dispositivos RFID en el ESPOCH
Aplicao da metodologia SCRUMBAN no desenvolvimento de um sistema de
registro de frequncia escolar com dispositivos RFID no ESPOCH
Correspondencia:
Ciencias Tecnolgicas y
empresarial
Artculos de investigacin
*Recibido: 16
de julio de 2021 *Aceptado: 30 de agosto
de 2021 * Publicado: 06 de septiembre
de 2021
I.
Escuela Superior Politcnica de
Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.
II.
Escuela Superior Politcnica de
Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.
III.
Escuela Superior Politcnica de
Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
IV.
Escuela Superior Politcnica de
Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
V.
Escuela Superior Politcnica de
Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador
Abstract
This research aims to
develop a computer application that allows the automation of the registration
of attendance to classes of teachers and students of the Polytechnic School of
Chimborazo (ESPOCH) using radio frequency identification devices (RFID), to
optimize attendance registration times to class and generate reports up to the
current date. Observation and interview techniques were used
to identify requirements, which were applied at the ESPOCH School of Systems
Engineering. The SCRUMBAN agile software development methodology was used for the project stages. In addition, the prototype
of an RFID device was designed and implemented, with ARDUINO
MEGA and an RFID reader. For the evaluation of software quality, the
research focused on the productivity characteristic, establishing two metrics:
time to complete a task and productive proportion; Based on the ISO / IEC
9126-4 usage quality standard. For this, the time capture method was applied and the data obtained were evaluated by means of
the T-student statistical test. This process resulted in the acceptance of the
alternative hypothesis that indicates: The computerized system to automate the
registration of attendance to classes of teachers and students reduces the time
of attendance registration, improving productivity in the institution. An
improvement result of 66.46% was obtained with the use
of the system.
Keywords: Software engineering;
computer system; radio frequency identification (RFID); agile development
methodology (SCRUMBAN); ISO / IEC 9126 standard.
Resumen
Esta
investigacin tiene como objetivo desarrollar una aplicacin informtica que
permita la automatizacin del registro de asistencia a clases de profesores y
alumnos de la Escuela Politcnica del Chimborazo (ESPOCH) utilizando
dispositivos de identificacin por radiofrecuencia (RFID), para optimizar los
tiempos de registro de asistencia a clase y generar informes hasta la fecha
actual. Para la identificacin de requisitos se utilizaron tcnicas de
observacin y entrevista, las cuales fueron aplicadas en la Escuela de
Ingeniera de Sistemas de la ESPOCH. Para las etapas del proyecto se utiliz la
metodologa de desarrollo gil de software SCRUMBAN. Adems, se dise e
implement el prototipo de un dispositivo RFID, con ARDUINO MEGA y un lector
RFID. Para la evaluacin de la calidad del software, la investigacin se centr
en la caracterstica de productividad, estableciendo dos mtricas: tiempo para
completar una tarea y proporcin productiva; basado en el estndar de calidad
de uso ISO / IEC 9126-4. Para ello, se aplic el mtodo de captura de tiempo y
los datos obtenidos se evaluaron mediante la prueba estadstica T-student. Este proceso result en la aceptacin de la
hiptesis alternativa que indica: El sistema informtico para automatizar el
registro de asistencia a clases de profesores y estudiantes reduce el tiempo de
registro de asistencia, mejorando la productividad en la institucin. Se obtuvo
un resultado de mejora del 66,46% con el uso del sistema.
Palabras clave:
Ingeniera de software; sistema informtico; identificacin por radiofrecuencia
(RFID); metodologa de desarrollo gil (SCRUMBAN); norma ISO / IEC 9126.
Resumo
O objetivo desta pesquisa desenvolver um aplicativo
informatizado que permita a automao do cadastro de atendimento s aulas de
professores e alunos da Escola Politcnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH) utilizando
dispositivos de identificao por radiofrequncia (RFID), para otimizar os
horrios de atendimento s aulas. e gerar relatrios at a data atual. Foram
utilizadas tcnicas de observao e entrevista para identificar os requisitos,
os quais foram aplicados na Escola de Engenharia de Sistemas da ESPOCH. Para as
etapas do projeto foi utilizada a metodologia gil de desenvolvimento de
software SCRUMBAN. Alm disso, foi projetado e implementado o prottipo de um
dispositivo RFID, com ARDUINO MEGA e um leitor RFID. Para a avaliao da qualidade
do software, a pesquisa focou na caracterstica de produtividade, estabelecendo
duas mtricas: tempo para completar uma tarefa e proporo produtiva; Com base
no padro de qualidade de uso ISO / IEC 9126-4. Para isso, foi aplicado o
mtodo de captura do tempo e os dados obtidos foram avaliados por meio do teste
estatstico T-student. Esse processo resultou na aceitao da hiptese
alternativa que indica: O sistema informatizado para automatizar o cadastro de
presenas s aulas de professores e alunos reduz o tempo de cadastro,
melhorando a produtividade da instituio. Foi obtido um resultado de melhoria
de 66,46% com a utilizao do sistema.
Palavras-chave: Engenharia de software; sistema de computador;
identificao por radiofrequncia (RFID); metodologia de desenvolvimento gil
(SCRUMBAN); Padro ISO / IEC 9126.
Introduccin
In the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, attendance
records for classes and laborato- ries,
both for teachers and students, are kept manually.
With this process some situa-
tions are observed, for example: the person in charge
of bringing the assistance of teachers, in certain occasions does not fulfill
his task for various reasons, or in turn the teacher does not keep control with
his daily attendance list; there are no statistics of students who regularly
attend classes, etc.
The possibilities offered by the remote reading of the
information contained in an RFID tag, without the need for physical contact,
together with the ability to perform multiple readings simultaneously, opens
the door to a very extensive set of applica- tions in a wide variety of areas, from traceability and
inventory control, to the location and monitoring of people and goods, or
security in access control. This allows radio frequency to be applied for
identification, thus allowing us to identify objects using radio waves. This
becomes a clear alternative to traditional systems of control and tracking of
objects or people.
The research work: "ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF
RADIO IDENTIFICATION FREQUENCY: TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATIONS,
SECURITY AND PRIVACY", focuses on an in-depth
analysis of RFID Radio Fre- quency
Identification technology, which is why it begins with an
general overview of it, passing through its physical and technical aspects,
frequencies, technology, regula- tions
and legislation in the matter. Rodrguez, (2009)
According to David Chang and Alan Lozano, authors of
the research project: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SYSTEM FOR
CONTINUOUS CONTROL AND INVENTORY, USING RFID TECHNOLOGY, FOR THE LIBRARY AT THE
UPS SEDE GUAYAQUIL LIBRARY, this approach
is carried out with the aim of give the facility,
saving time and unnecessary effort, avoiding losses of important teaching
materials for students, in this case, applied in the library of the Universidad
Politcnica Salesiana
headquarters Guayaquil.
Chang, Sols,
(2013).
This research aims to register and control the
attendance of teachers and students with the Radio Frequency Identification
technology, Portillo Garca, Bernardos,
(2008); differentiating itself from the aforementioned works due to its agile
methodology and its added value in which it is intended to avoid liability to
the people in charge of taking the attendance of teachers to classes, ensure
guaranteed data from the attendance record in real time and its availability
when authorities and teachers require it.
State of the art
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
It is a technology that has a remote data storage and retrieval method that uses devices called RFID tags or labels. Portillo
Garca, Bernardos, (2008).
Java EE (Java Platform, Enterprise
Edition)
Java EE is portable and scalable, and supports integration with previous
versions and components based on EJB architecture. Ordax, Daz-Ufano, (2012).
Java EE simplifies business applications by defining and specifying a
complex set of common standard services, such as naming, transaction
management, concurrency, security, and database access. Mendoza, (2016).
Web services
A web service performs a specific task or set of tasks and is described by a service description in a standard XML
notation called WSDL (Web Services Description Language). The service
description provides all the details necessary to interact with the service,
including message formats (detailing operations), transport protocols, and
location. Carvajal, (2016).
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
Refers to a group of technologies that are used
to develop web applications. By com- bining these
technologies, web pages are more responsive since small data packets are exchanged with the server and web pages are not reloaded
each time a user makes an input change. Ajax allows a user of the web
application to interact with a web page without the interruption of reloading
the web page. Website interaction happens quickly only with parts of the reload
and refresh page. Bayona and Villagrn,
(2017).
SCRUMBAN
The SCRUMBAN methodology is born from the combination of principles of
the most important agile project management methods today: Scrum and Kanban. Alt- hough
in principle they may seem the same, the two management strategies differ in
the way the project is carried out. The innovative SCRUMBAN plan is responsible
for combining those elements that are complementary.
For example, one of the most used combinations at the business level, is to manage the tasks planned with the Scrum method
and plan the errors with the Kanban method. However,
the mixing of the two implies a new way of management. Bayona
and Villagrn, (2017).
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses
conventions that are widely known to programmers in the C family of languages,
including C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, and many others. These
properties make JSON an ideal language for data exchange.
Methodology
SCRUMBAN was used for development to follow a continuous workflow while
car- rying out small iterations to plan and review.
In addition, thanks to the dashboard that contains the activities, you can have
a continuous follow-up on the evolution of the tasks and thus help prioritize
the pending tasks to be developed.
According to the author Seplveda Castao, Seplveda, (2016); these
are the 6 stages of the SCRUMBAN life cycle. These
stages were used in the development of the system, and
are described below:
Tasks to do
At this stage of the cycle, a meeting is held
with the work team where the new tasks or activities to be carried out are
defined. New tasks can arise at each meeting, which can be
added over time. Table 1 specifies the activities of the first meeting.
Table 1. Technical project
tasks to be done
N |
Tasks to do |
1 |
As a developer, collect the
functional and non-functional requirements |
2 |
As a developer, define the programming standard |
3 |
As a developer, define the system architecture |
4 |
As a developer, define the user
interface standard |
5 |
As a developer, install the necessary frameworks and components in NetBeans IDE |
Selected Tasks
The selected task is called: "User
registration". This was developed in the
Microsoft Planner tool. The task is moved from the to-do
column to selected tasks and assigned a person in charge and responsible for
the task, as shown in figure 1.
Figura 1. Assigning a task to a team member
Development
Once the task has been selected and assigned,
we proceed to analyze whether the task is feasible to carry out. If it is not,
small tasks must be created that can be controlled to
finish, as shown in figure 2.
Figura 2. Example of SCRUMBAN subtasks
Testing
Tests are carried out on the system with the test mode of the NetBeans IDE, in which we place breakpoints in key
instructions to verify that the system works as expected; as well as monitoring
variables, sessions and files, as shown in figure 3.
Figura 3. Test mode
Deployment
The application was deployed on a Payara server where its operation is shown in fig- ure 4.
Figura 4. Test mode
Close
The tasks are marked as completed in the last column created in the
Microsoft Planner dashboard and the tasks that continued were
executed, as shown in figure 5.
Figura 5. SCRUMBAN
dashboard with completed
tasks
Discussion and results
Next, the results obtained with the development of the computer system
to automate the registration of attendance to ESPOCH teachers and students with
RFID devices are presented. These results were obtained by measuring response times of the com- puter system. With the data obtained in the measurement,
the t-student distribution method was applied, in
order to obtain the necessary information to evaluate produc-
tivity. To measure the quality of the system,
productivity was measured using metrics based on the ISO / IEC 9126-4
standard.
The characteristics and productivity metrics were
chosen to be evaluated, which are shown in table 2.
Table 2.
Characteristics and metrics to evaluate
Characteristics |
Metric |
Pregunta Central |
Productivity |
Time to complete a task. |
How long does it take to complete a task? |
Productive pro- portion |
In what proportion of time
does the user
carry out productive actions? |
Through the interview process with secretaries of the different academic
units, the total number of students and teachers could be
known to determine the study popula- tion, and the sample
for each of the processes was determined using probabilistic formulas as
indicated in table 3.
Table 3. Population
and sample
|
Process |
Population |
Sample |
Time to complete a task |
Attendance record of 10 students by the teacher |
27 teachers from the School of Systems Engineering |
25 teachers |
Student registration |
92 students of the first semester of the School
of Systems Engineering |
77 students |
|
Productive proportion |
Student registration by the teacher
in 30s |
27 teachers from the School of Systems Engineering |
25 teachers |
Metric: Time to complete a task Process 1
The time it took for a teacher to complete the attendance record
manually with 10 students was measured, and the
average time was calculated. Then the time was measured,
carrying out the same process, but using the computer system. Time is expressed in seconds and tenths of a second (ss, d). Measurements are shown in
table 4.
Table 4. Times
involved in registering attendance of 10 students for each teacher
Attendance registration task for 10 students by teachers in the
normal way and using the system |
||
Teacher |
Time without using the comput- er system |
Time with the use of the
com- puter system |
Teacher 1 |
154,52 |
42,64 |
Teacher 2 |
153,64 |
34,23 |
Teacher 3 |
147,67 |
43,12 |
Teacher 4 |
150,99 |
47,76 |
Teacher 5 |
147,29 |
42,26 |
Teacher 6 |
153,41 |
45,02 |
Teacher 7 |
159,43 |
43,16 |
Teacher 8 |
159,3 |
38,1 |
Teacher 9 |
141,31 |
40,33 |
Teacher 10 |
151,11 |
46,74 |
Teacher 11 |
142,62 |
36,29 |
Teacher 12 |
145,72 |
30,52 |
Teacher 13 |
147,38 |
43,49 |
Teacher 14 |
140,9 |
33,29 |
Teacher 15 |
147,25 |
29,61 |
Teacher 16 |
146,44 |
43,14 |
Teacher 17 |
144,63 |
44 |
Teacher 18 |
140,56 |
33,64 |
Teacher 19 |
141,81 |
33,11 |
Teacher 20 |
154,74 |
38,17 |
Teacher 21 |
141,26 |
32,4 |
Teacher 22 |
143,6 |
48,3 |
Teacher 23 |
149,33 |
47,9 |
Teacher 24 |
159,83 |
43,34 |
Teacher 25 |
152,47 |
30,62 |
Average |
148,68 |
39,65 |
Figure 6. shows the summary of the results
Fuente: Productivity
in relation to the attendance record of 10 students by teachers
To determine the time savings in the attendance
record of 10 students by the teacher, using the computer system, the following
aspects are proposed:
Object of experimentation. The computer system to automate the
registration of at- tendance to classes of teachers
and students of the ESPOCH with RFID devices.
Experimentation subjects. Teachers from the Polytechnic School of
Chimborazo. To design the experiment and measure the productivity of the system,
data is col-lected using the observation technique,
considering the population and study sample.
We proceed to analyze if there is a time difference between the normal
process and the process using the RFID web system, for which the T-student
parametric distribu- tion
is applied.
Null hypothesis. "The computer system does not optimize the
attendance registra- tion
time of 10 students per teacher"Alternative
hypothesis.
"The computer system optimizes the attendance registration time of
10 students per teacher" Statistical hypothesis approach.
Bilateral contrast H0:
a = d or also a - d = 0 H1: a ≠
d or also a - d ≠ 0
Bilateral contrast
H0: a ≤ d or also a - d ≤
0 H1: a> d or also a - d> 0
Considering the variances and knowing that two times with different
conditions were measured, the following expression was
used:
Were
When replacing variables, the calculation is as follows:
Sample size (n) = 25 α/2= 0.025
Degrees of freedom (v) = 25 - 1 = 24 tα/2 = t0.025 = 2.01
The degree of significance or rejection is α = 0.05. The region of
acceptance of the null hypothesis is between the scores t = [-2.01; 2.02]. The
value t = 62.56, is located outside the acceptance region of the null
hypothesis, therefore the alternative hypoth- esis is accepted as observed in Figure 7.
Figura7. T-student
graph of the attendance record of 10 students by the teacher
This indicates that there was indeed a decrease in the time it takes to
record the at- tendance of
10 students, using the system, compared to the manual process.
Figure 8 shows the improvement of times in the attendance record
compared to the manual process. The orange column indicates the times in
seconds to register with the system prototype, while the blue column indicates
the times measured to carry out the same process manually.
Figura 8. Manual
time vs. system time: Attendance record of 10 students per teacher
The average time using the system was 39.64s, and the average time with
the man- ual process was 148.68s. This indicates a
decrease in time of approximately 109.04s, equivalent to a 73.34% improvement
compared to the manual process.
Process 2
The time it took for students to complete their
attendance record manually in 2 sub- jects was
measured. The time of the same process was measured
using the computer system. The time is expressed in
seconds and tenths of a second (ss, d). These meas- urements are
shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Student
Attendance Record Times
N |
Subject |
Time measured without using the system |
Time measured using the system |
1 |
Statistics I "A" |
451.8 |
189.6 |
2 |
Statistics I "B" |
495.8 |
197.4 |
Total time |
947.4 |
387 |
|
Average per student |
12.31 |
5.03 |
Fuente: The
results are shown graphically in figure 9.
Figura 9. Productivity in the student attendance record
To determine the time savings in the
registration of student attendance by teacher, using the computer system, the
following aspects are considered:
Object of experimentation. The computer system to automate the
registration of at- tendance to classes of teachers
and students of the ESPOCH with RFID devices.
Experimentation subjects. Students from the Polytechnic School of
Chimborazo.
It is analyzed if there is a time difference
between the manual process and the pro- cess using
the RFID web system, for which the T-student parametric distribution is
applied.
Null hypothesis. "The computer system does not optimize the
registration time of student attendance"
Alternative hypothesis. "The computer system optimizes the
registration time of student attendance."
Considering the variances, knowing that two times with different
conditions were measured and considering that the
sample is 77 students, the following expression was used:
Where:
When replacing variables, the calculation
is as follows:
Sample size (n) = 77 α/2= 0,025
Degrees of freedom (v) = 77 - 1 = 76 tα/2 = t0.025 = 1,979
The degree of significance or rejection is α = 0.05. The region of
acceptance of the null hypothesis is between the scores t = [[-1,79; 1,79]. The value t = 90.87, is located outside the
acceptance region of the null hypothesis, therefore the alternative hypoth- esis is accepted as
observed in Figure 10.
Figura 10. T-student graph of the student attendance record
This indicates that there was indeed a decrease in the time it takes to
record the at- tendance of
students, using the system, compared to the manual process.
Figure 11 shows the improvement of times in the attendance record
compared to the manual process. The orange column indicates the times in
seconds to register with the system prototype, while the blue column indicates
the times measured to carry out the same process manually.
Figura 11. Manual
time vs. time with the system: Student attendance record
The average time using the system was 193.5s, and the average time with
the manual process was 473.8s. This indicates a decrease in time of
approximately 280.3s, equiv- alent
to a 59,17% improvement compared to the manual
process.
Conclusiones
The study
of RFID technology allowed to obtain and apply key
concepts for the development of the registration system attendance of teachers
and students. The system allowed for a significant decrease in the time taken
to register attendance. In addition, this technology offers faster data
reading, compared for example with Bluetooth, for which both the sender and the
transmitter must be linked previously.
The
technical project was developed under the agile
SCRUMBAN methodology. This methodology divides tasks into subtasks to decrease
their difficulty. In case of complications with a task, it can
be registered in the section "pending" to resolve it later.
This fulfills the purpose of agile methodology which
is to prioritize work- flow.
The
developed system works with three components: the RFID device, the web system
and web services provided by ESPOCH. The web system consumes the da- ta
directly from the university's web services, which allows real and reliable
data to be obtained from the institution's students and teachers.
To measure
the productivity of the computer system, the ISO / IEC 2196-4 standard was used. With measurements performed was determined that
using the system has a 73.34% improvement in the time it takes a teacher to
record the attendance of their students, and 59.1% improvement in the time it
takes students to record their attendance. This is due to the approach system
of RFID technology and its ability to quickly read
data. This improvement in time allows teachers and students to optimize their
time in the development of their other academic activities.
Referencias
1.
Rodrguez
Hernndez, ANLISIS Y DESCRIPCIN DE IDENTIFICACIN POR RADIO FRECUENCIA:
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Nacional, 2009.
2.
D. Chang
Falcon and A. Sols Lozano, Desarrollo e implementacin de un sistema para el
control e inventario continuo, utilizando tecnologa RFID, para la biblioteca
de la UPS sede Guayaquil, Universidad Politcnica Salesiana- Ecuador, 2013.
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J. I.
Portillo Garca, A. Beln, B. Nieto, and A. M. Bernardos Barbolla, tecnologa
de identificacin por radiofrecuencia (RFID): aplicaciones en el mbito de la
salud. 2008.
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Cass and P. A. Ocaa Daz-Ufano, Programacin web en java, no. January. 2012.
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G. Mendoza
Gonzalez, Desarrollo de Aplicaciones en Java | Configuracin Payara Server, 2016. [Online]. Available:
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17-Dec-2018].
6.
F. Carvajal
Palomares, ADMINISTRACIN Y AUDITORA DE LOS SERVICIOS WEB, no. December. 2016.
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J. Villar
Cueli and F. Hurcano Ruiz, Implementacin e integracin de elementos software
con tecnologas basadas en componentes, no. December. 2014.
8.
A. C. Bayona Guqueta, A. C. Tao Romero, and
J. C. Villagrn Gutirrez, Documento Scrumban, 2017.
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Crockford, JSON, 2016. [Online]. Available:
https://www.json.org/json- es.html. [Accessed: 14-Jun-2019].
10. J. M. Seplveda Castao, Propuesta de aplicacin de Scrumban para
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2021 por los autores. Este artculo es de acceso abierto y distribuido segn
los trminos y condiciones de la licencia Creative Commons Atribucin-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
Enlaces de Referencia
- Por el momento, no existen enlaces de referencia
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