Osteoporosis y Microbiota Intestinal: Una Revisión Sistemática de Literatura

Natalia Fernanda Solorzano Ibarra

Resumen


Esta revisión sistemática explora la relación entre la microbiota intestinal (gm) y la osteoporosis (op), basada en el análisis crítico de 25 estudios clave seleccionados a partir de un mapeo bibliométrico. La evidencia sugiere que la gm desempeña un papel fundamental en la homeostasis ósea a través de mecanismos inmunológicos, endocrinos y metabólicos. Estudios preclínicos en modelos animales han demostrado que probióticos como lactobacillus reuteri y akkermansia muciniphila pueden prevenir la pérdida ósea al modular la vía inflamatoria tlr4/nf-kb y promover la formación ósea mediante igf-1. Por otro lado, investigaciones clínicas revelan disbiosis en pacientes con op, destacando su potencial como biomarcador diagnóstico.

Se identificaron vínculos emergentes entre op y enfermedades como el alzheimer, así como nuevas perspectivas terapéuticas basadas en vesículas extracelulares y regulación del eje intestino-hueso. Sin embargo, aún existen limitaciones importantes, como la escasez de ensayos clínicos controlados y la falta de estandarización en intervenciones probióticas.

Este estudio resalta la necesidad de fortalecer la investigación traslacional y clínica para aprovechar el potencial diagnóstico y terapéutico del microbioma en el tratamiento de la op, proponiendo líneas futuras en medicina personalizada, edición genética y terapias microbianas dirigidas.


Palabras clave


microbiota intestinal; osteoporosis; probióticos; eje intestino-hueso; disbiosis.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i6.9855

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