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La actividad física en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de 8vo (EGB) de la Unidad Educativa Mocache 2022
Resumen
La actividad física representa un componente esencial en el desarrollo integral del estudiante, con beneficios que trascienden lo físico y alcanzan dimensiones cognitivas clave para el aprendizaje. Este estudio analizó el impacto de un programa estructurado de actividad física sobre el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de 8vo EGB de la Unidad Educativa Mocache, Ecuador, durante el año 2022. Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupos control (n=18) y experimental (n=18), aplicando una intervención de 16 semanas, con tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos que incluyeron ejercicios aeróbicos, juegos activos y actividades de intensidad progresiva. Los resultados mostraron un incremento significativo en los niveles de actividad física del grupo experimental, pasando de 737,68 a 1893,70 METs totales (p < .001), con mejoras notables en las actividades vigorosas (de 111,11 a 465,33 METs). Asimismo, el promedio académico general aumentó de 7,10 a 7,58 puntos, con avances particularmente significativos en Matemática (de 7,14 a 7,62), Lengua y Literatura (de 7,19 a 7,62) y Ciencias Naturales (de 7,05 a 7,54). En contraste, el grupo control no presentó variaciones relevantes ni en actividad física ni en rendimiento académico. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la evidencia sobre la influencia directa de la actividad física en el desempeño escolar, independiente de mediadores emocionales, y coinciden con investigaciones que destacan su impacto positivo en la atención, la memoria y la motivación estudiantil. Se concluye que integrar programas de ejercicio físico en el currículo escolar es una estrategia pedagógica efectiva y sostenible para mejorar el rendimiento académico y el bienestar integral del estudiantado.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i7.10123
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